How to Grow Lentil Plants
Lentils, or Lens culinaris, are part of the legume family (Fabaceae) and are known for their nutritional benefits, offering B vitamins, minerals, and proteins.
These hardy plants are related to beans and are easy to grow, making them a great addition to your garden. In this guide, you'll learn how to grow lentils successfully from seed to harvest.
Overview of the Lentil Plant
Lentils are annual legumes that can reach 12 to 20 inches tall. The plants grow on branched vines, either as a single stem or a small, bushy shape.
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Lentils have beautiful white, pale blue, or light purple flowers that bloom from the lower branches up until harvest.
The flowers are pollinated before opening and quickly transform into seed pods. Lentils are ideal for cool-season planting, with a growing season of around 80 days.
Plant Characteristics
- Botanical Name: Lens culinaris
- Common Names: Lentil plant, Adas, Mercimek, Masoor
- Plant Type: Annual crop
- Mature Size: 12 to 20 inches tall, 18 to 24 inches between rows
- Sun Exposure: Full sun
- Soil Type: Well-drained, fertile, sandy loam
- Soil pH: 6.0-6.5 (up to 8.0)
- Bloom Time: Spring
- Flower Color: White, pale blue, light purple
- Hardiness Zones: 5-11 (USDA)
- Native Area: Egypt, Greece, and Rome
- Toxicity: Non-toxic (except in arsenic-contaminated soil)
How to Plant Lentils
Lentils are best planted in spring, as they prefer cool weather. Plant them after rotating away from other legumes, onions, or garlic. Lentils grow well with cucumbers and savory, and they benefit from some structural support like a small trellis.
If no trellis is provided, space the plants 5 inches apart for good air circulation. Lentils don't compete well with weeds, so keep the area weed-free for optimal growth.
Soil and Site Requirements
- Soil Type: Lentils thrive in well-drained, fertile soils, particularly sandy loam or clay. Aim for a pH of 6.0 to 6.5, but the plants can tolerate pH levels up to 8.0.
- Avoid Saline Soils: Steer clear of saline, boron-rich, or sodium-heavy soils, as these can restrict root growth and moisture absorption.
- Sunlight: Choose a location that receives full sun, ideally facing south or east, to promote rapid growth of seedlings.
Caring for Lentil Plants
Watering
Lentils require about 1 inch of water per week, especially at the time of sowing. While they are drought-tolerant, they don't do well in soggy soil. Stop watering when the pods start drying to prevent overwatering, which can harm the plant.
Temperature and Humidity
Lentils prefer climates with moderate temperatures, ideally between 65 and 85°F, and low humidity.
They thrive in regions with limited rainfall, such as parts of eastern Washington, northern Idaho, and western Canada. Aim for humidity levels of 30-40% for optimal growth.
Fertilization
Lentils typically benefit from compost to loosen the soil and improve fertility. Direct contact with fertilizer can harm seeds, so use Rhizobium leguminosarum inoculation instead. This provides the extra nitrogen lentils need for healthy growth.
Are Lentil Plants Toxic?
Lentils are generally non-toxic, but if they are grown in arsenic-contaminated soil, they can absorb this element, making the plants toxic to humans and animals.
Arsenic can occur naturally in soil or result from pesticide use, mining, and other factors. If concerned, consider a soil test to ensure safety before planting.
Harvesting Lentils
When to Harvest
Lentils can be harvested within 70 to 80 days after planting if picked green. For dry grain, harvest in late July or early August when the lower pods turn brown. To test if seeds are ready, hit them with a hammer; if they break, they’re ready.
If they compress, let them dry longer on the plant. In case of frost, uproot the plant and hang it upside down to dry in a warm area.
Harvesting Tips
- Pillowcase Method: Place the dried pods in a pillowcase, close it, and run around. Pour the seed mix between baskets in front of a fan set on medium heat.
- Air Dryer: Alternatively, dry the seeds in an air dryer set to no more than 110°F to prevent cracking.
How to Grow Lentil Plants From Seed
Sow lentil seeds between late April and early May, about three weeks before the last frost date.
Plant seeds 1 to 2 inches deep, with 1-inch spacing between seeds and 18-24 inches between rows. Seeds should germinate in about 10 days, with plants maturing in 80-119 days.
Winter Planting
Winter-tolerant varieties can be planted in late summer or early fall to extend the growing season.
Common Pests and Diseases
Lentils generally face minimal pest and disease issues, especially in low-humidity conditions. Occasionally, rust, white mold, or root rot may occur, particularly if crop rotation isn’t followed.
Good rotation partners include wheat and corn, while plants like beans, soybeans, and potatoes should be avoided due to shared diseases.
For pests, lentils may rarely attract Lygus bugs, aphids, or thrips. If seen, remove them manually with a hose or by hand.
Final Thoughts
Growing lentils is a rewarding and straightforward process, offering high-nutrition legumes that can be harvested in a few months. By providing the right conditions and care, you can enjoy this ancient crop in your own garden!
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Source: MIgardener
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Last update on 2024-11-26 / Affiliate links / Images from Amazon Product Advertising API
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